The Tatra National Park is the oldest national park in Slovakia. But Slovakia is not the only country with a national park that covers the high mountain part of the Tatra. On the other side of the Tatra, Poland has also created a national park, and together they form the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
The Tatra National Park protects the unique flora and fauna of the highest European mountain range, which is located north of the Alps. The crystal-clear lakes, various hiking trails, small villages, breathtaking views, and the beautiful landscape have convinced many tourists to visit.
Additionally, within the Tatra region is the highest peak of Slovakia (Gerlachovský štít), with an elevation of 2,655 meters. Nevertheless, the High Tatras, with an area of 340 km², is the smallest high mountain range in the world. The main ridge is only 26 km long.
Over 100 lakes and many waterfalls make the park even more unique. There are also several caves, but only one of them is accessible: the Belianska Cave.
The largest and deepest of all lakes in the Tatra National Park is Veľké Hincovo pleso, while Modré pleso is the highest lake in the park. However, these are not the most visited lakes. The most popular lakes are Štrbské pleso and Popradské pleso.
Not only the lake itself but also the journey to it offers a lot. The winding roads that climb higher up the mountain already provide fantastic views. On the way to the mountain lake, you pass another lake, the Liptovská dam, which, together with its surroundings, offers a really beautiful view. There is a parking lot before the lake with about 350 spots. Parking costs 1.30 euros per hour, though it may be more expensive at other parking areas nearby.
Souvenir shops, restaurants, and cafes are located near the lake, showing that it is indeed a touristy spot. At 1,346 meters, the lake is surrounded by mountain peaks, creating a really beautiful panorama. There is even a panoramic path around the lake that takes about 45 minutes to walk. The nature around the lake is stunning, and there's much to see. There are also many great photo opportunities. In addition to the panoramic path, you can explore one of the many other trails. If you'd like to take a boat on the lake, you can rent a rowboat.
In addition to hiking, you can also engage in other activities around the lake. In winter, skiing is popular, and in summer, for example, you can rent a mountain bike.
In contrast to the busy and touristy atmosphere of Štrbské Pleso, Popradské Pleso is calm and naturally preserved. Beautiful mountain peaks are visible, and you can also walk around this lake on a circular trail. You can reach the lake through a variety of hiking routes.
The Tatra National Park is home to a variety of mountain and high mountain plants. Particularly famous and a popular photo subject are the mountain pines, stone pines, and the Edelweiss flower.
The park is also home to many rare animals, including brown bears, lynxes, wolves, wildcats, Tatra chamois, and marmots. The chamois is the symbol of the Tatra and is one of the unique species of chamois. Due to its isolated development after the Ice Age, it is significantly different from its relatives in the Alps and Apennines. There are only about 1,000 of them, and they are under strict protection. Over 100 species of birds also call the Tatra National Park home, as do many different fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.
You can especially spot chamois and marmots while hiking, but brown bears are often seen, especially in September. Before hibernation, the bears gorge on berries and wander near hiking trails.
Indeed, the Tatra is one of the coldest and wettest areas in Slovakia. In the valleys, however, the weather is more typical of Slovakia. The biting cold is only reached on the way to the peaks of the highest mountains, where the air temperature drops by about 0.6°C for every 100 meters in elevation. Snowfall is typically expected from November to May, but even in August, snow can fall at the highest peaks.
Winds usually come from the west or northwest, and due to the location and altitude of the mountains, there is a rain shadow on the Slovak side. As a result, the annual precipitation is 300 mm lower on the Slovak side than in Poland. February is the driest month, and July is the wettest.
Sudden weather changes and rapid temperature shifts can also occur, especially in the summer months from June to August. If you're hiking during that time, be prepared for a sunny morning to turn into a strong thunderstorm in the afternoon. It is safer to stay below the tree line during storms, as the risk of lightning strikes is highest above. Make sure to bring enough gear to ensure your safety and be prepared for any kind of weather.
It is important to note that hiking trails in the high mountain area are only open seasonally. From November 1st to June 15th, the trails are closed. During the open season, you can hike all the trails accompanied by an experienced mountain guide.
A 5 km long and very diverse hike leads from one lake to another. Although the trail is in the High Tatras, the ascent is only slight. Once at Popradské pleso, you can decide whether to continue to the next higher lake or hike up to Ostrava Peak (1984 m).
The Low Tatras are located in central Slovakia and encompass a large area with caves, deep canyons, steep rocks, peaks, and valleys. With a bit of luck, you might spot large predators such as brown bears, wolves, and lynxes.
You can start your hike in the Low Tatras at either of the two information centers: Krupová (Chopok Juh) or Jasná (Biela Pút´). They offer hiking maps and experienced staff to help you choose your trail. A cable car also operates from the Krupová center, so you can either hike up and ride down or do it the other way around. Of course, you can also take the cable car or hike both ways. Just keep in mind that the cable car often only operates until early afternoon.
There are some restrictions that we would like to point out in this article. Simply put, you can take your dog no higher than the forest and alpine hut level, and you are only allowed to bring them outside marmot colonies, chamois herds, large carnivores, and other endangered species. Signs will indicate whether or not you are allowed to go further with your dog.
Areas used for mountaineering, ski tours, and winter tourism are also off-limits for pets.
Even if your dog is perfectly trained and doesn’t bite, the rules for the respective trails must be followed. Leash and even muzzle requirements are not uncommon, and violations of these rules can result in fines. However, if you follow the signs and only bring your dog on allowed trails and permitted areas, nothing will stand in the way of your trip with your four-legged friend.
This may sound like many restrictions, but there are also many beautiful trails where dogs are allowed and welcome. Plus, it's for the well-being of your dog and the other animals. Here are a few great routes where dogs are allowed and appreciated:
A visit to the Tatra National Park is definitely worth it. The beautiful nature and mountainous landscape will certainly convince you, and there’s so much to see. The great variety of species is enchanting, and you’re sure to discover a lot. Whether you prefer a touristy or a more natural experience, there is something for everyone in the Tatra National Park!
Don’t forget to purchase a vignette if you’re traveling on the roads of Slovakia. You can easily purchase one here.
